女性生殖器官发育异常与不育

Infertility and Abnormal Development of Female Reproductive System

女性生殖器官在形成、分化过程中,若受到某些内源性因素(如基因或染色体异常等)或外源性因素(如使用性激素类药物)的影响,原始性腺的分化、发育、内生殖器始基的融合、管道腔化和发育以及外生殖器的衍变可发生改变,导致各种女性内外生殖器官发育异常。尽管女性生殖器官发育异常发生率低,但可能从性交、排卵、受精、着床等各个方面影响患者的生殖力,导致不育。大部分患者有闭经、生殖道梗阻以及生殖障碍等临床表现。手术矫正畸形与辅助生殖技术的发展为女性生殖器官发育异常的不育患者提供了生育的可能以及新的生育途径,可达到解除梗阻、恢复解剖、促进生育和提高生命质量的目的。

The congenital anatomic disorders of the female reproductive organs occur frequently, which may be related to genetic mutation, developmental arrest, abnormal hormonal exposure, or exposure to environmental insults that exert their effects at critical stages of embryonic development. Although the genital anomalies are rare, they may affect the patients′ fecundity on sexual intercourse, ovulation, fertilization and implantation. Most of the patients present clinical manifestations of genital tract obstruction, amenorrhea and reproductive disorders. Surgical correction of deformity and assisted reproductive technology （ART） provide those infertility patients with genital anomalies new hope to bear children. The objective of treatment for those patients extends to relief the obstruction, to correct their genital anomalies, and to improve fertility and the life quality.