安徽巢湖地区血吸虫病传播的风险评估

Evaluation on transmission risk of schistosomiasis japonica in the Chaohu Lake area

目的分析"引江济淮"工程建设对巢湖地区血吸虫病传播的影响,评估血吸虫病潜在流行区的疾病传播风险。方法 2012年,在巢湖地区设立1个固定监测点和3个流动监测点,采用血清学、病原学方法调查当地居民、流动人口以及当地和外来家畜的血吸虫病感染情况;在危险地带和可疑环境开展钉螺分布情况调查,并在巢湖通江河道打捞漂浮物开展钉螺扩散调查。结果采用间接血凝试验(IHA)检查巢湖地区当地居民314人,未发现阳性。采用IHA法检查流动人口302人,阳性4人,阳性率为1.32%;采用粪检法检查流动人口30人,阳性6人,阳性率为20%。采用粪便孵化法检查巢湖当地及从疫区购进的家畜共60头,未发现阳性。在巢湖湖区18处危险地带及可疑环境开展钉螺调查,调查面积为53.73hm^2,未发现钉螺;在巢湖通江河道打捞漂浮物49kg,查获其它螺蛳40只,但未发现钉螺。结论尚未发现"引江济淮"工程引起钉螺扩散至巢湖,但在巢湖地区的流动人群中发现有血吸虫病患者,说明该地区存在血吸虫病传播的风险,有必要建立长期的监测预警体系。

Objective To analyze the impact of water transfer project from the Yangtze River to the Huaihe River on the transmission of schistisomiasis in the Chaohu Lake area,and evaluate the transmission risk in the potential endemic area.Methods In 2012,1 fixed and 3 mobile surveillance sites in the Chaohu Lake area were selected,and the local people,mobile population and livestock were investigated by immunological assays and/or stool examinations.The distribution of Oncomelania snails was surveyed in risk areas and suspicious areas,and the snail spreading pattern was conducted through salvaging floaters in rivers connected with the Yangtze River.Results A total of 314 local residents were detected by indirect hemagglutination assay（IHA）,but there were no positives.A total of 302 mobile population were examined by IHA,and the positive rate of antibody was 1.32%（4/302）;30 individuals were examined by stool tests,and the positive rate was 20%（6/30）.A total of 60 livestock were examined by stool hatching method,but none tested positive.A total of 53.73 hm^2were surveyed in 16 risk areas and suspicious areas,but there were no Oncomelania snails.A total of 49kg floaters were catched,but no Oncomelania snails were found,while 40 other snails were found adhering the floaters.Conclusion Oncomelania snails have not been found in the Chaohu Lake area until now,while schistosomiasis cases had been found in the mobile population,which indicated that long term surveillance scheme on schistosomiasis should be established in the area.