输血前和术前四种血液传播性疾病检测的意义与质量控制

Significance and quality control of detection of four blood-borne diseases before transfusion and operation

对拟接受手术或输血的患者开展乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒、艾滋病病毒、梅毒螺旋体的筛查在避免因输血或手术可能引发的医疗纠纷,及早发现感染者,避免和防止相关感染的院内传播等方面发挥着积极的作用。然而,各医疗机构相关感染指标的检测质量却有较大差异。本文对各指标的临床意义、检测原理及效能、国内外常用检测策略等进行简要回顾,以期建立合理、有效的检测流程。

Screening for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus,and treponema pallidum prior to transfusion and operation plays an important role in avoiding nosocomial transmission of the aforementioned pathogens due to transfusion or operation, circumventing medical disputes and early finding infected persons. However, the detection performances of related infection indicators for the pathogens differ greatly among different medical institutions. Thus, the article intends to develop reasonable and efficient strategies for detecting the above four pathogens by briefly reviewing clinical significances of the related parameters, the detection principles and performances, as well as the common detection strategies used at home and abroad.