试探九一八事变后联共(布)、共产国际的对策及对中国共产党的影响

A Study on the Reaction of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union( Bolsheviks)and the Communist International after the "September 18 Incident" and Its Influence on the Communist Party of China

1931年日本侵略中国东北的九一八事变发生后,立即引起了联共(布)中央、共产国际高层的高度关注并研究作出对策。联共(布)、共产国际的对策有正确的一面,如谴责日本帝国主义对中国的侵略,揭露其侵略野心,号召各国党支持中国人民的反侵略斗争;抨击英、法操纵的国际联盟纵容日本侵略中国的行径,指出帝国主义在中国的勾结与矛盾;揭露国民党政府的不抵抗政策,等等。但是,联共(布)、共产国际对中国革命形势估计过高,忽略民族矛盾上升的情况,对中国共产党产生重要影响。中共临时中央教条主义地接受联共(布)、共产国际的指示,没有能够科学分析民族危机日趋严重产生的新形势,充分认识到反对日本侵略的斗争正成为中国各族人民普遍要求,一切不愿做亡国奴的阶级、阶层都有可能参加到这一斗争中来的新情况,在制定政策和策略时虽然也有正确的一面,如在白区领导组织各色公开反帝群众组织和在东北建立党领导的抗日游击队等,但总体上是在"左"的道路上越走越远,致使没有抓住九一八事变后的中国政治形势的新机遇,给革命造成极为严重的损失。

Japan＇s invasion of Northeast China in September 18, 1938 aroused great concern from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union （ Bolsheviks ）, and top leaders of the International Communist International, and they worked in response, some of which were appropriate. For instance, they condemned Japan~ invasion of Chi- na, exposed its aggression and called on parties of all countries to support the Chinese people to fight against Japan~ ag- gression; they denounced the League of Nations manipulated by Britain and France for appeasing Japan~ aggression a- gainst China and exposed the imperialist countries＇collusions and conflicts in China; they disclosed the non- resistance policy adopted by the then KMT government. However, they overestimated the revolutionary situation in China, and neg- lected the rising national conflicts between China and Japan, which had greatly influenced the Communist Party of Chi- na. The provisional CPC Central Committee followed the instructions of the Bolsheviks and Communist International, failed to make rational analysis of the new situation where the national crisis was worsening, hence failed to be fully a- ware that to fight against the Japanese aggression was the common demand of Chinese people of all nationalities, and that people of any class or rank who didnt want to be slaves under a foreign conqueror would join the fight. It did make out some correct policies and tactics, such as forming various overt anti -imperialist mass organizations and setting up anti - Japanese guerrillas led by the Party in Northeast China, but in general, it went further and further away on a leftist road, failing to seize the opportunity of the new political situation and hence caused serious losses to the revolution.