167例孕期贫血妇女的膳食摄入情况调查分析

Investigation and Analysise on Dietary Intake of 167 Cases of Anemic Women During Pregnancy

目的：探讨与孕期贫血发生有关的膳食摄入情况及营养因素。方法：2014年1月—2014年12月在中日友好医院产科建立产检档案的1 028名单胎初产妇,分别在孕早期（孕8~12w）、孕中期（孕13~27w）、孕晚期（孕28~37w）筛查贫血并发放三日饮食记录表以分析贫血孕妇的能量、营养素、膳食种类的摄入情况。结果：孕早期、中期、晚期贫血孕妇的能量达标率分别为52.94%、65.45%、70.53%;碳水化合物供热比的达标率分别为64.71%、49.09%、40.00%;蛋白质摄入量达标率分别为76.47%、49.09%、32.63%;脂肪供热比达标率分别为94.12%、30.91%、26.32%。与膳食营养素参考摄入量比较,孕早、中期贫血孕妇存在钙、铁、锌、硒、镁等矿物质和维生素A、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2的平均每日摄入量不足,孕晚期贫血孕妇存在钙、铁、硒、镁等矿物质和维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2的平均每日摄入量不足。孕期贫血孕妇普遍存在鱼禽肉蛋和奶制品摄入量不足的情况。结论：孕期贫血与能量、营养素的摄入不足及膳食种类的不均衡有关,应加强孕期营养干预,预防贫血发生。

【Objective】To investigate dietary intake and nutritional factors related to the anemia during pregnancy. 【Method】Totally1 028 cases of single birth primiparas whose antenatal record was established in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2014 to June2015 respectively. In the first trimester（ 8 ~ 12 weeks）, second trimester（ 13 ~ 27 weeks）, third trimester（ 28 ~ 37 weeks） were screened for anemia during pregnancy and given three-day diet record in order to analyze the intake of energy,nutrients,dietary categories.【Result】in the first trimester,second trimester and third trimester,anemic pregnant women＇s energy compliance rates were 52. 94%,65. 45%,70. 53%,respectively compliance rates of carbohydrate intake were 64. 71%,49. 09%,40. 00% resrectively,compliance rates of protein intake were 76. 47%,49. 09%,32. 63% resrectively,fat heating compliance rates were 94. 12%,30. 91%,26. 32% resrectively. Compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes,in the first and second trimester,anemic pregnant women＇s average daily intake of calcium,iron,zinc,selenium,magnesium and other minerals and vitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B1,vitamin B2 was insufficient,in the third trimester,anemic pregnant women＇s average daily intake of calcium,iron,selenium,magnesium and other minerals and vitamins A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2 was insufficient. In all three trimesters,anemic pregnant women＇s insufficient intake of fish,poultry meat and eggs was common. 【Conclusion】Anemia during pregnancy was related to energy,nutrient insufficient intake and dietary categories imbalance,and nutrition interventions should be strengthened during pregnancy to prevent anemia.