美国学前教育质量评级与提升系统:实施现状及面临的挑战

Preschool Education Quality Rating and Improvement System of America:the Status of Implementation and Challenges

美国学前教育质量评级与提升系统是州政府层面提升学前教育质量的重要举措之一,已有近20年的发展历史。随着QRIS在全美的普及,其系统五大要素——质量标准、绩效责任测量、技术协助、财政激励与家长/消费者教育在实施过程中均有新突破,也存在急需解决的问题。借鉴美国QRIS的经验,我国应基于"过程性质量"理念开发国家性学前教育质量标准和评价工具,重视学前教育质量监控及其各要素的系统化建设,强调学前教育评估的有效性验证,政府、学术、市场力量融合,协力促进我国学前教育质量的提升。

The American Quality Rating and Improvement System is an importantstrategy to enhance quality of preschool education in the state-government level,which hasnearly 20 years of development history.With QRIS widely implemented in the US,the fiveelements in QRIS which are quality standards,accountability measures,technical assis-tance,financial incentives and parents / consumer education have many breakthroughs andaslo some urgent problems in the implementation process.The experience of QRIS can pro-vide some reference in current preschool education quality improvement in China. It is nec-essary to develop national quality standards for pre-school education and evaluation toolsbased on the ＂process of quality＂ concept,implement the validation of pre-school educa-tion quality assessment,attention to the construction of pre-school education quality moni-toring system and the systematic construction,intergrate the government,market and aca-demic strength to promote the quality development.