绿盲蝽中枢神经系统的解剖结构

Anatomical structure of the central nervous system of Apolygus lucorum( Hemiptera: Miridae)

【目的】阐述绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum中枢神经系统的组成,辨识各组成部分的神经节解剖结构及其形态,计算中枢神经系统各神经节结构体积大小、解析其空间分布关系以及连接模式。【方法】采用免疫组织化学方法,使用突触蛋白抗体对绿盲蝽中枢神经系统神经髓进行染色标记,利用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜获取中枢神经系统各结构数码图像,使用三维图像分析软件对绿盲蝽中枢神经系统进行分析,并构建三维模型。【结果】绿盲蝽中枢神经系统从前往后分别由脑神经节、咽下神经节、前胸神经节和后部神经节组成。脑、咽下神经节和前胸神经节3个神经节融合在一块,形成脑-咽下神经节-前胸神经节复合体,并通过长的神经连索与后部神经节相连,从外观上看似由2个大的神经节构成,这种神经节愈合形式尚未在昆虫中发现过。前胸神经节与后部神经节分离,二者由长的神经连索连接起来。除前胸神经节由单独的神经原节构成外,其他3个神经节又由多个神经原节融合而成。脑包括前脑、中脑和后脑3部分。咽下神经节包括上颚神经节、下颚神经节和下唇神经节。后部神经节包括中胸、后胸和腹部神经节3部分。【结论】明确了绿盲蝽中枢神经系统的神经节构成,发现了绿盲蝽中枢神经系统各神经节的高度融合特性。该项研究结果为研究绿盲蝽中枢神经系统的发育、重塑和系统演化奠定了形态学基础,为研究中枢神经元形态、分布以及其对昆虫生理和行为的功能调控机制提供了结构框架。

【Aim】This study aims to investigate the anatomical organization of the central nervous system of Apolygus lucorum（ Hemiptera： Miridae） and to characterize the morphology, volume, spatial relationship and fusion pattern of the composed ganglia. 【Methods】Immunohistochemical staining with synaptic protein antibody was used to label the neuropil of the central nervous system. Digital images of the central nervous system were obtained by using a confocal laser scanning microscope,and the threedimensional models were constructed by using an image analysis software. 【Results】The anatomical observation indicated that the central nervous system of A. lucorum consists of four main ganglia. From anterior to posterior,they are the brain,suboesophageal ganglion,prothoracic ganglion and posterior ganglion. The first three ganglia are fused together,forming a brain-suboesophageal ganglion-prothroracic ganglion complex. Such a complex has been found in insects for the first time. The posterior ganglion is linked to prothoracic ganglion by a long paired connective. Viewed from the external morphology,the central nervous system of A. lucorum is composed of two large ganglionic masses,a brain-suboesophageal ganglion-prothroracic ganglion complex and a posterior ganglion. Based on the synaptic staining,three neuromeres in the brain,three in suboesophageal ganglion,three in posterior ganglion and one in prothoracic ganglion were identified. The three neuromeres of the brain are protocerebrum,deutocerebrum,and tritocerebrum. The suboesophageal ganglion is composed of mandibular,maxillary,and labial neuromeres,while the posterior ganglion is fused with mesothoracic,metathoracic,and abdominal ganglia. 【Conclusion】The results demonstrate that the central nervous system of A. lucorum is composed of the brain,suboesophageal ganglion,prothoracic ganglion and posterior ganglion,showing highly fused pattern. The results provide the morphological data for the studies of development,plasticity and evolution of the central nervous system,as well as a framework for investigating the morphology,disposition and function of the neurons which are involved in a specific regulation for insect physiology and behavior.