神圣的社会与人造的神圣——涂尔干与贝格尔宗教社会学思想之比较

The Holy Society and the Artificial Holy Spirit—— comparison between EmileDurkheim's and Peter Berger's thoughts of religious sociology

贝格尔的宗教社会学研究受到了涂尔干的影响。涂尔干认为社会是宗教的起源,宗教是社会的象征,宗教具有维系社会的功能。贝格尔认为宗教是建立神圣宇宙的人类活动,宗教的合理化论证能够维系社会,但在现代社会里宗教的合理化论证面临着世俗化的挑战。两人处于不同的时代背景,运用了不同的研究方法,这使得他们在宗教的定义、宗教的本质、宗教的社会功能等方面的看法有较大的差异。

Peter Berger＇s study of religious sociology was influenced by Emile Durkheim.Durkheim thought that society is the origin of religion,religion is a symbol of society,and religion has the function of holding the society together.Berger thought that religion is the human activity to establish a holy universe andthe rational argumentation of religion can hold the society together,but the rational argumentation of religion in modern society faces the challenge of secularization.They used different research methods in different historical backgrounds,so they had many great differences in thethe definition of religion,the essence of religion and the social function of religion.