关于法官错案责任追究的思考——基于道德运气理论的一个分析

A Reflection of the Accountability of the Judge's Errors——an analysis based on the ethic-luck theory

目前,鲜有从道德哲学视角对法官错案责任追究进行研究。观察法官错案责任追究个案发现追责"乱象",法官行为与错案责任间呈现三个悖论:追责现实与理论逻辑的悖论、追责结果与因果关系的悖论、制度设计与机制运行的悖论。困扰当前法官错案追究的一个重要问题是,在很多情形下,"运气"成为法官被追责和承担责任大小的关键。"运气"是无法控制的,却最终影响到错案责任追究,这种无法预测性显然与法治精神不符。在"让审理者裁判、由裁判者负责"的司法改革大背景下,合理规制法律"运气"问题,有益于实现法官权责一体、责任承担均衡公平。

At present,there are few studies on the accountability of the judge＇s errors from a perspective of ethic and philosophy.In the case studies of the accountability of the judge＇s errors,people can find three paradoxes：the paradox of accountability reality and the theoretic logic;the paradox of accountability result and causality;the paradox of system designation and mechanism operation.An important problem that disturbs the accountability of the judge＇s errors is＂luck＂,which,in many cases,becomes the key to the accountability of the judge and to the measurement of responsibility.＂Luck＂is beyond control,but it can finally influence the accountability of the judge,the unpredictability of which goes against the spirit of the rules of law.Against the great background of judicial reform,where the inquisitor makes the judgment and the judge takes the responsibility,it is necessary to regulate the＂luck＂in a reasonable way,which will be beneficial to the integration of the judge＇s right and responsibility and the equalization and justice of responsibility.