蒙台梭利教室图景及其对我国幼儿园环境创设的启示

Montessori Classroom Pictures Views and Their Enlightenment to the Creation of the Kindergarten Environment in China

教室图景是幼儿园环境创设的重要组成部分，它不仅是幼儿在园生活、学习以及游戏的保证，也是对幼儿施行教育的重要资源。蒙台梭利的教室图景包括物质环境和精神环境。前者主要呈现整洁有序、和谐美观、真实自然以及材料丰富多样等特征；后者具有和谐温馨与自由自主等特点。这为我国幼儿园环境创设提供了诸多启示：材料应真实、有层次、放置有序，且富有教育意义；整体环境应简单、整洁、和谐；增加自然环境的创设，发挥自然的教育意义；尊重幼儿、给予他们足够的自由；创设温馨、安全的氛围。

Pictures views in classroom are an important part of kindergartens＇ environment, which is not only the guarantee of games, daily life and learning for children in kindergartens, but also an important resource for preschool education enforcement. Montessori classroom pictures include material environment and spiritual environment. The former mainly focus on such features as clean, orderly, harmonious, beautiful and natural environment and diverse materials; the latter has the characteristics of harmony, warmth and freedom. This has provided many inspirations for Chinese kindergarten environment creation： materials should be real, layered, orderly, and of rich education significance; the overall environment should be simple, clean and harmonious; more natural environment should be created, making it exert its education significance; children should be respected and given enough freedom; warm and secure atmosphere should be created.