鄂州市妇幼保健院2013-2014年乳腺癌筛查方式、人群分布的调查及防治分析

Investigation of screening methods and population distribution of breast cancer in Ezhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from 2013 to 2014 and prevention and control analysis

目的通过调查乳腺癌筛查情况，针对性地提出乳腺癌的防治措施。方法通过乳腺癌筛查登记表记录鄂州市妇幼保健院2013—2014年行乳腺癌筛查对象的相关资料，包括年龄、文化程度、家族史等，体检可疑对象行乳腺B超、X线检查，分析筛查对象特点、筛查方式、筛查结果及乳腺癌危险因素。结果筛查人群分布特点：年龄以40—49岁为主，占45．77％；中学学历占57．86％；已婚人员占89．03％；汉族占80．00％。筛查方式：2013—2014年良性乳腺肿瘤44例，乳腺癌13例；X线摄片对BI—RADS分级4级及以上诊断率明显高于B超（P〈0．05）；各年龄段乳腺癌检出率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。Logistic多因素分析显示，初婚年龄晚、文化程度低、常使用电脑、癌症家族史、流产及引产史为乳腺癌的独立危险因素。结论X线对乳腺癌检出准确率高于B超，临床建议对可疑人群行X线检查。通过健康宣教提高育龄女性自我管理意识，定期筛查能有效防治乳腺癌发生。

Objective To put forward preventive and therapeutic measures of breast cancer correspondingly by surveying breast cancer screening situations. Methods The relevant data of objects who underwent breast cancer screening in the hospital from 2013 to 2014 were recorded through Breast Cancer Screening Registration Form, including age, educational level, family history, and so on. The suspicious objects underwent breast ultrasonography and X-ray examination. The characteristics of screened objects, screening methods, screening results, and risk factors of breast cancer were analyzed. Results The distribution characteristics of the screened population： the screened objects mainly were aged 40-49 years old, accounting for 45.77% ; 57. 86% of them were at the middle school level; 89. 03% of them were married; and 80. 00% of them were Han nationality. Screening methods： there were 44 cases of benign breast tumors and 13 cases of breast cancer from 2013 to 2014. The diagnostic rate of BI-RADS Grade 4 and above by X-ray examination was significantly higher than that by breast ultrasonography （ P〈0.05 ） ; there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of breast cancer among the patients in different age groups （P〉0, 05） . Multivariate logistic analysis showed that late first marriage age, low educational level, frequent use of computer, family history of cancer, history of abortion and induced labor were independent risk factors of breast cancer. Conclusion The accuracy of X-ray examination in detection of breast cancer is higher than that of breast ultrasonography, the suspected patients were recommended to be examined by X-ray. Improving self-management awareness of women of childbearing age by health education and regular screening can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of breast cancer.