输水系统中污损生物沼蛤的氧化剂灭杀技术研究

Research on the Technology of Exterminating the Defacing Organisms Limnoperna Fortunei by Oxidant in Water Delivery Systems

近年来,我国南方输水工程常受沼蛤（limnoperna fortunei）生物污损的危害。沼蛤是一种污损性入侵生物,入侵输水工程后聚团附着于输水系统表面可腐蚀附着面、降低管道过流能力、污染水质等。以沼蛤防治为目的研究二氧化氯（ClO_2）、氯胺T（C_7H_7ClNNaO_2S·3（H_2O））、高锰酸钾（KMnO_4）、次氯酸钠（NaClO）和过氧化氢（H_2O_2）5种水处理常用氧化剂对沼蛤的杀灭效果及足丝溶解特性,以得出基于化学氧化剂的沼蛤防治措施。结果表明：次氯酸钠为5种氧化剂中灭杀沼蛤的最佳试剂,死亡率随次氯酸钠投加浓度增加而增大,但次氯酸钠投加浓度大于20mg/L时水体中pH等环境条件受到较大影响,依据水体中有效氯衰减规律及灭杀效果,次氯酸钠作为沼蛤杀灭剂初始投加的有效氯浓度宜为10.0～20.0mg/L。

In recent years,water project in South China is often affected by the defacing hazards of limnoperna fortunei,which is a kind of defacement of invasive species.Limnoperna fortunei attaches together to the surface of the water delivery system when they invade the water conveyance project,which can corrode the adhesion surface,reduce the capacity of pipeline flow,pollute the water etc.For the purpose of prevention of limnoperna fortunei,we study the chlorine dioxide（ClO_2）,chloramine-T（C_7H_7ClNNaO_2S·3（H_2O）,potassium permanganate（KMnO_4）,sodium hypochlorite（NaClO）and hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2）,the five kinds of commonly used water treatment oxidant on the elimination effect and byssus dissolution characteristics of limnoperna fortunei,in order to get its prevention and control measures based on the chemical oxidants.From the experiment we can get the following conclusions.Sodium hypochlorite is the best reagent of the five oxidants to kill limnoperna fortunei,and with the increase in the initial active chlorine concentration,the mortality rate of limnoperna fortunei increases.However,when the initial active chlorine concentration is greater than 20.0mg/L,pH and other environmental conditions in water is severely affected.By the attenuation rule of the residual chlorine in water and its killing effect,we can draw the conclusion that sodium hypochlorite initial dosing of the active chlorine concentration varies from 10.0to 20.0mg/L.