四川盆地高磨地区龙王庙组气藏地震勘探关键技术

Key seismic exploration technology for the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir in Gaoshiti–Moxi area, Sichuan Basin

四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区（简称高磨地区）下寒武统龙王庙组气藏的白云岩储层埋藏深（一般介于4 400~4 900m）且存在着较强的非均质性,储层预测难度大。为此,开展了地震勘探关键技术攻关研究并形成了配套技术,主要包括：①通过对区内已有的地质、钻井资料以及早期的地震资料和成果进行深入地分析,从整体上掌握该区地面、地下的基本构造形态及地质情况;②在此基础上,确定采用＂两宽一小＂（宽方位、宽频、小面元）的数字地震采集技术,通过优化设计三维观测系统使目的层面元覆盖次数分布更加均匀,浅中深层覆盖次数均能满足设计需求,从而获得了高精度的三维地震资料;③利用井控地震处理技术提高了深层地震数据的信噪比;④建立了龙王庙组储层地震响应模式,采用叠前地质统计学反演来进行储层的定量预测,绘制了储层厚度地震预测平面图;5通过岩心试验和测井分析确定含气敏感弹性参数,进而利用该参数进行叠前烃类检测,降低了地震资料的多解性。结论认为,通过应用上述关键技术,助推了龙王庙组特大型海相碳酸盐岩整装气藏的发现。

The dolomite reservoirs of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area, Sichuan Basin, are deeply buried （generally 4 400-4 900 m）, with high heterogeneity, making reservoir prediction difficult. In this regard, key seismic exploration technologies were developed through researches. Firstly, through in-depth analysis on the existing geologic, drilling, seismic data and available research findings, basic surface and subsurface structures and geologic conditions within the study area were clarified. Sec- ondly, digital seismic data acquisition technologies with wide azimuth, wide frequency band and minor bins were adopted to ensure even distribution of coverage of target formations through optimization of the 3D seismic geometry. In this way, high-accuracy 3D seismic data can be acquired through shallow, middle and deep formations. Thirdly, well-control seismic data processing technologies were applied to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of seismic data for deep formations. Fourthly, a seismic response model was established spe- cifically for the Longwangmiao Fm reservoir. Quantitative prediction of the reservoir was performed through pre-stack geo-statistics. In this way, plan distribution of reservoir thicknesses was mapped. Fifthly, core tests and logging data analysis were conducted to determine gas-sensitive elastic parameters, which were then used in pre-stack hydrocarbon detection to eliminate the multiple solutions in seismic data interpretation. It is concluded that application of the above-mentioned key technologies effectively promote the discovery of large- scale marine carbonate gas reservoirs of the Longwangmiao Fm.