《巴黎协定》坚持的“共区原则”与国际气候治理机制的变迁

Paris Agreement,Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities and the Transformation of International Climate Regime

本文运用"原则与规则"的框架,分析了《巴黎协定》坚持共同但有区别的责任和各自能力原则(共区原则)的重要意义及其适用方式的新变化。共区原则是国际气候治理机制的重要构成要素,它旨在为发达国家与发展中国家规定不同的减排责任与义务,从而使得该国际机制体现出公平性与合理性的制度特征。但是各缔约方对该原则一直存在着不同的解读,并在新的国际政治、经济背景下对其涵义与适用方式产生了重大分歧。《巴黎协定》坚持共区原则在一定程度上解决了这种分歧,具有重要的科学、伦理和制度意义。同时应该注意到,《巴黎协定》在适用该原则的时候加入了动态的因素,使得该协定的规则体系呈现新的特征。但总体上,《巴黎协定》表明国际气候治理机制当前发生的变迁是该项国际治理机制内部的变迁。

Simplifying the elements of international regimes into ＇principles＇ and ＇rules＇,the article analyzes the significance of the Paris Agreement＇s adherence to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities（CBDRRC） and the changes in the approach to apply this principle.The CBDRRC is an important element of international climate regime and defines the basic feature of global climate governance regime,that is,the fair distribution of commitments between developed and developing countries.However,there are always divergences on the interpretation and the approach to apply this principle among Parties,especially since 2007.The Paris Agreement makes it clear that it will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of CBDRRC,in the light of different national circumstances.This settles the divergences among Parties in some sense and guarantees the equity,universality,legality and effectiveness of international climate regime.However,there are some changes in the approach to apply the principle,which add new features to the rules of the international regime.Above all,the transformation of international climate regime so far has been the change within the regime.