基于建设用地变化的城市边缘区提取方法与扩张模式研究——以哈尔滨市为例

Extraction Method and Expansion Patterns of the Urban Fringe Based on Construction Land Change : A Case in Harbin City

利用Landsat TM数据获取2000和2015年哈尔滨市建设用地矢量数据,构建了一种更为简单可行的城市边缘区空间提取模型,界定了城市核心区、内缘区和外缘区的边界,探讨了城市边缘区的空间变化过程和扩张模式。结果表明:基于建设用地变化构建的城市边缘区提取方法——"滑动切割"模型,通过设定提取阈值,获取城市核心区、内缘区和外缘区的边界是可行的;近15年来,哈尔滨城市边缘区已从二环和四环之间延伸到哈尔滨绕城高速公路外围,城市边缘区建设用地集中化与破碎化并存;根据边缘区建设用地破碎化程度,城市边缘区扩张模式包括"外延式、跳跃式和稳定式"三种,基本形成了"东张西建",多种扩张模式并存的城市扩张格局;在交通设施、政策导向和社会经济等因素的共同推动下,基本形成了"南工北农"的城市区域空间特征。

The study of extraction method, formation mechanism, development patterns of the urban fringe is the core problem of urban geography and land science studies. Researching formation mechanism and development patterns of the urban fringe can help us to directly understand the evolution process of the formation and development about the urban spatial structure, and effectively control the spreading of urban space. At first, using Landsat TM data in 2000 and 2015,We obtain the vector data of construction land about Harbin City. Then, we try to construct a space extraction model of urban fringe, which is more simple and feasible. At the same time, we use this model to extract the boundaries of the core area, the inner fringe, the outer fringe, and to analysis the spatial changes of urban fringe, and then to explore the formation mechanism and the development patterns of the urban fringe. The results showed that： 1）The extraction model of urban fringe, which is based on construction land change, is practicable. 2） In past 15 years, the urban fringe has been extended to the outside of Harbin Belt Freeway. 3）Based on the degree of the construction land fragmentation in urban fringe, the expansion patterns of urban fringe can be divided into three types： extension type, jumping type and stability type. The expansion patterns of urban fringe in Harbin city tend to become complex. Although the＂expansion in east,construction in west ＂expansion pattern is taken shape, multiple expansion patterns are coexistence. 4） In the urban fringe, where coexist centralization and fragmentation of construction land. The extension of urban fringe is limited by the natural and geographical conditions, but then is promoted by traffic facilities, policy orientation and social economic.The＂industry in south, agriculture in north＂urban fringe spacial pattern is basically formed.