无机载体负载型硅氢加成反应铂催化剂的研究进展

Progress in Platinum Catalysts Supported by Inorganic Carriers for Hydrosilylation

过渡金属或其配合物催化的硅氢加成反应是合成有机硅化合物的重要途径之一,其中铂催化剂是应用最多的催化剂.无机载体负载型铂催化剂不仅可以避免均相催化剂腐蚀反应器、铂回收困难、反应产物选择性差的缺点,而且由于良好的机械强度及反应介质稳定性可以用于连续反应.大量文献报道了炭载体、二氧化硅、金属氧化物、分子筛等无机载体直接负载或利用载体表面修饰的乙烯基、膦基、氨基、胂基、巯基等功能基团的配位络合作用间接负载铂化合物制备用于硅氢加成反应的负载型铂催化剂.综述了近15年来这些催化剂的制备方法、结构特点、催化性能等方面的研究成果,并对其发展方向进行了分析和展望.

Hydrosilylation catalyzed by transition metals or their complexes is one of the most important ways to synthesize organosilicones, and platinum catalysts are widely used. Inorganic carriers supported platinum catalysts not only can avoid the disadvantages of homogeneous catalysts, such as corroding reactor, pain platinum recovery and low reaction selectivity, but also can be available for sequential reactions due to the good mechanical strength and stability in reaction medium. A lot of literatures relating to platinum catalysts supported by inorganic carriers for hydrosilylation have been published. The platinum compounds have been supported by carbon carriers, silica, metallic oxide, molecular sieve or other inorganic carriers via direct load method or complexation between platinum and vinyl, phosphino, amino, arsino or mercapto functional group modified on the surface of the carriers. The research progresses in preparation, structure and properties of inorganic carriers supported platinum catalysts for hydrosilylation during recent 15 years are summarized with the description of their development trend.