国有农场职工的养老保险制度安排

The institutional Arrangement of Old-age Insurance for the State-owned Farm Workers

在以工业服务业雇员为主体的社会养老保险制度下,自耕农一般因收入较低而处于不利地位。因此,一些西欧国家对自耕农实施缴费补贴政策。然而,在产业结构调整和人口老龄化进程中,这类补贴却导致财政负担日益加重,还增添了职业群体之间的不公平和社会不满。在中国城镇职工基本养老保险制度下,大多数国有农场及其职工因支付能力薄弱而遭遇养老保险缴费困难。在现有制度框架下可采取以下措施缓解这一困难:第一,精简强制性缴费种类;第二,允许实行家庭承包制的农场职工参照个体工商户标准缴费;第三,把城乡居民养老保险中由中央财政承担的基础养老金覆盖面扩展到农场职工,并将此制度与最低生活保障制度相衔接。

Under the old-age insurance system designed initially for the employees in manufacture and service sector,the self-employed farmers find themselves in a disadvantageous position. Governments of some developed coun-tries in Europe therefore subsidize the farmers by making contributions to their insurance. Based on the relevant literature and findings from our fieldwork, this paper argues that the following measures may help ease the Chi-nese state-owned farm workers' difficulties of making contributions in the given framework of the social protec-tion. The countermeasures include that, reducing the variety of the obligated contributions, allowing agricultural workers under the family contract system to pay their contribution in the same way as those self-employed in industrial and commercial sectors, extending the basic pension financed by the central government for urbanand rural residents to the state-owned farm workers, and establishing the linkage between this non-contributed pension and the existing Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System.