伪满政府公文文体研究

Style of the Official Documents in the Puppet State Government of Manchukuo

伪满"大同元年"颁行的《暂行公文程式令》规定了教书、执政令、院令、省令、训令、指令、布告、咨、呈、函、批等十四种文体。与袁世凯1914年颁行的复辟性质的公文程式不同,伪满"大同"时期公文并未沿袭清末公牍体系,反而基本承袭了1916年段祺瑞政府的新公文程式,二者不仅文体名称大量相同,文体功能也高度一致。《暂行公文程式令》在"康德元年"被新颁布的《公文程式令》和《关于训令及其他公文程式之件》所替代,新公文程式带有鲜明的封建性与殖民性,新增的"诏书"、"敕书"等更集中印证了伪满公文文体由"共和"政治表达到"帝国"政治表达、由现代文体架构到保守文牍体系的明显转向。

The Puppet State of Manchukuo enacted Provisional Documents Act in the first year of Da tong Reign（ 1932）. The Act stipulated fourteen official document styles,such as State Council Notice,Provincial Government Notice,Bulletin,Report,Indication,Official Letter,and Official Reply,etc.Different from official document treatment provisions enacted by Yuan Shih-kai in 1914,the Puppet State of Manchukuo ＇s official documents did not follow the system of the Qing Dynasty,and it basically inherited the Tuan chi-jui Administration＇s new document system in 1916,for the stylistic names were roughly the same and the stylistic functions were consistent. However,it was replaced by the Act on the Official Document System and Decree on Instructions and other Documents Program which were promulgated in the first year of Kant Reign（ 1934）. With the distinctive feudal and colonial characteristics,official document system in the Puppet State of Manchukuo reflected an apparent shift from political discourse of the Republic to that of the Empire,and from the modern system to the conservative one.