离岸人工岛填海造地的正负环境效应分析及对策研究——以海南万宁日月湾人工岛为例

Countermeasures and Analysis on the Positive and Negative Environmental Effect of Offshore Artificial Island Reclamation——A Case Study of Artificial Island Project of Riyue Bay Hainan

以海南万宁日月湾离岸岛为例,分析研究了离岸人工岛的填海方式在环境物理、环境化学和环境生物等方面的正负效应,最后参照国外实证经验,结合我国实际情况,提出具体的应对措施和建议。结论:(1)日月湾人工岛填海造陆引发的较多环境正效应(区别于其他填海造地方式)主要体现在地形地貌效应和生物效应两方面;(2)日月湾人工岛不占用自然岸线,且新形成人工岸线2km,提高了海洋资源利用效率;(3)日月湾岸线冲淤达到再次平衡的时间为6年,最大堆积和侵蚀宽度分别为132m和8m;(4)建议通过围填海立法,加强综合管控,使我国围填海造陆走上有法可依、执法必严的法制之路。

The positive and negative environmental effect is analyzed in terms of environmental physical, chemistry and biology through a case study in Riyue Bay, Wanning, Hainan province. The results show that： （1） Positive environmental effect is caused in two aspects, the topography effect and biolog- ical effect. （2） The offshore artificial island in Riyue Bay does not use the natural coast line and formed about two kilometers artificial shoreline, which improves the utilization efficiency of ocean resources. （3） It takes about six years to achieve the erode and deposit balance of Riyue Bay coast line, and the maximum width of deposit area is 132 meters, the maximum width of erosion is about 8m. （4） Legisla- tion of land reclamation was recommended to strengthen the comprehensive management. The concrete measures and suggestions are put forward combined with the foreign experience and actual situation of our country.