空间目标初始轨道确定吉布斯问题误差分析

Error analysis of Gibbs' method for initial orbit determination of space target

现代战争中的空间武器平台捕获敌方的空间目标,确定其运行轨道后实施军事打击,所以对轨道确定参数的误差进行分析对于精确打击具有非常重要的意义。为了准确分析吉布斯三位置矢量定轨法的轨道根数的确定精度,根据吉布斯方法的轨道确定模型,采用向量求导的方法,详细推导了轨道根数对于观测位置误差的灵敏度矩阵,并给出了轨道根数误差与观测位置误差之间的关系,明确初始轨道的确定精度及误差传播规律。最后对吉布斯方法及其误差分析进行仿真分析验证,验证了方法的正确性。

In modern war, the space weapon platform can capture enemy＇s space target and then attack it after determining the orbit, so the error analysis of orbital parameters is of great significance. To precisely analyze the orbit-determination accuracy of orbital elements by Gibbs three-position vector method, the sensitivity matrices of orbit parameters versus the position errors are deduced by using the vector derivatives according to the model of Gibbs＇ method. The precision of initial orbit determination and error propagation characteristics are determined by the relationship between the orbital parameter errors and position errors. Simulation results show the correctness of the Gibbs method and its error analysis.