反脆弱发展:连片特困地区贫困治理的新范式

Anti-vulnerability Development:The New Paradigm of Poverty Governance in Poverty-stricken Areas

新发展主义基于文化自觉,主张整体的、综合的、内生的新型发展范式。在反贫困路径选择上,新发展主义反思发展主义,并为连片特困地区的贫困治理研究提供参考。先发地区一般采用"先导式发展"路径,基于自身优势,强力推进发展强项,连片落后地区难以遵循此路径。脆弱性交织是连片特困地区的区域特质也是其发展的陷阱。突破发展陷阱,需要寻找到最为脆弱之处,从最弱处着手,反脆弱,从而促进发展,即反脆弱发展。反脆弱发展是指针对区域脆弱性并以此为出发点,以农牧民生计为轴心,促成复合生态系统良性耦合的发展。反脆弱发展是"外助内应"的发展,提倡社会优先发展,强调政府强力作为。反脆弱发展与以往的发展模式相比,它以是否减少了脆弱性作为评判发展的标准;它着眼于未来,注重在当前的社会发展中消减脆弱性,防患于未然;它强调人在减少脆弱性中的主动性。

In the process of selecting anti-poverty path,new developmentalism,acting as the process and result of developmentalism,is a negation of developmentalism and provides reference for research of poverty governance in poverty-stricken areas.Strengthening regional development,based on their own advantages,is the path taken in regional development of developing areas,and the path is the kind that poverty-stricken areas cannot take.Intertwined vulnerability is not only the regional characteristics but also the development trap of povertystricken areas.The most important point of anti-vulnerability is to break the regional development trap through overcoming weakness,take livelihoods of farmers and herdsmen as its core,do lots of efforts to promote a healthier ecosystem.It is the development path of＂external assistance—internal response＂,which advocates the priority of development of society and emphasizes on strong intervention of governments.Compared with the previous development model,the development path of anti-vulnerability takes reduction of vulnerability as the standard of regional development.It focuses on the future,pays attention to reducing vulnerability in current development,and emphasizes on human initiative in reducing vulnerability.