灾荒饥馑之下的呐喊与抗争——20世纪30年代左翼文学与民国自然灾害关系之考察

Cry and Struggle under the Disaster and Famine——Survey of the Relationship between Left-wing Literature in the 1930s and Natural Disasters in the Republic of China

20世纪30年代左翼文学蓬勃兴起,固然是无产阶级革命文学理论宣传召唤的结果,也自有其酝酿发酵的现实土壤,其中灾荒与饥馑是一个不可忽视的重要因素。民国时期自然灾害频发,许多左翼作家的人生轨迹都与自然灾害相交织。左翼作家对自然灾害的书写形式多样,散文、诗歌、小说、戏剧无所不包,反映了广阔的社会内容,体现了左翼文学关怀社会人生的现实主义精神。左翼文学与自然灾害紧密相连,一方面强化了左翼文学与乡土中国的联结,形成了一种灾难书写的现代性叙事模式,发挥了强大的社会批判功能,唤醒了农民的觉醒与反抗,加速了中国左翼革命的历史进程;另一方面,自然灾害也在一定程度上制约了左翼文学的多维发展,使得左翼文学囿于乡土中国的经验描述而忽视了自身的现代品质与艺术韵味。

The booming of left-wing literature in the 1930s is a result of the propaganda of the proletarian revolutionary literature theory,and also has its soil of reality,in which the famine and disasters are important factors that cannot be ignored.During the period of the Republic of China,there are many natural disasters and many left-wing writers life are woven with them.Left-wing writers describe the natural disasters in various forms including fiction,drama,prose,poetry,etc.All these woks cover a broad range of social contents and reflect the spirit of realism of the left-wing literature.Left-wing literature and natural disasters are closely intertwined which,on one hand,strengthen the combination between left-wing literature and local Chinese,forming a kind of modern narrative pattern,playing a strong social critical function,awakening the farmers consciousness and resistance and accelerating the development of Chinese left-revolution;on the other hand,restrict the multi-dimensional development of leftwing literature, makeing the left-wing literature conditioned by local experience,ignoring its own modern character and artistic charm.