落后分子改造与乡村镜像重构——论建国前后小说对乡村社会组织化的想象与书写

The Reform of Backward People and the Reconstruction of the Rural Society Image——On the Imaginations and Writings about Rural Society Organization in the Novels around 1949

从大生产运动到人民公社化运动,中国共产党成功实现了对传统乡村社会的改造,使其逐渐严密组织化。如何改造落后分子并将其整合到新的社会结构中,是乡村社会组织化的核心问题。建国前后小说通过对乡村社会组织化过程中落后分子改造的书写,重构了乡村镜像。通过强化落后分子的劳动观念、阶级意识以及集体认同,新社会将这些边缘人物成功改造成符合阶级利益需要的劳动者。这种想象与书写一方面折射出崇尚男女平等、社会公平、共同富裕的社会理想,另一方面则迎合了新的社会制度关于乡村社会组织化的政治构想,存在将社会复杂形态简单化、对立化的想象,人物描写及其转变呈现出概念化范式。

From the Great Production Campaign to the People＇s Commune Movement,Chinese Communist Party has transformed the traditional rural society to a more tightly organized form successfully.How to reform the backward people and integrate them into a new social structure is a core problem of the rural society organization.The novels around 1949 have reconstructed the country image by writing the reform of the backward people in the process of rural society organization.In these novels,the new society has successfully converted the marginal figures into qualified laborers through strengthening their willing of labor,class consciousness as well as collective identities.On one hand,this kind of imagination and writing reflects the social ideal of equality between men and women,social justice and common prosperity;on the other hand,it caters the political idea of rural society organization,which leads to the simplification and opposition of complex social formations and the conceptualization of the characters and their changes in the novels.The summary and analysis of the pros and cons of the reconstruction of rural image is significant for understanding the history of rural society and the art of novels at that time.