礼与身体:中国礼文化的具身认知观及其启示

Embodied Ritual:The Revelation of Theoretical Construction and Research Approach of Chinese Embodied Cognition

身体不仅是文化的符号或载体,也是文化实践的实施者。中国礼文化,在历史上其影响的力度深远、范围广泛。礼不止旨在使君子的德心良知扎根于身体本身,更是在建构社会伦理制度的过程中使礼本身蕴涵的人文精神产生对全社会人类心智与行为的教化作用。本文从具身认知的视角对中国传统礼文化进行心理学的科学剖析,揭示礼的具身含义,为中国本土具身认知心理学研究的理论构建与研究取向提供启示。

Ritual is an important part of Chinese philosophy and culture,no matter in the ancient China or modern China society.The role of body in Chinese ritual is not only the symbol or culture carrier,but also the manipulator.Ancient Chinese thought reflect the ontology idea of body and has a construction of mixer of the＂body-mind-world＂system.The self-cultivation of practice of kernel which was constituted of ritual studies mainly focused on the transformation of body and mind.Ritual is a cognitive and behavioral model that make the conscience rooted in the body.At the same time,ritual constructed social ethics to civilize the body and mind of people of the whole society.The ritual of Confucianism was a interpersonal communication system included body metaphors and spatial metaphors.It is a rule to tell people how to communicate and express with person of different social status.Body metaphor of ritual contained particular action such as kneel,kowtow and bend to show respect to person of higher social status.Spatial metaphors of ritual included the position of every person of different social status in social setting.The embodied thought of ancient Chinese thought was a complexity theory which suffused strong traditional culture.Chinese scholars need to study the ritual transition in the Chinese history to know the modern features of ritual.At the same time,real evidence of experiment combine western embodied cognitive studies would be necessary for theoretical construction and research approach of Chinese embodied cognition.