劳动、价值和均衡价格

Labor,Value and Equilibrium Price

现代西方主流经济学把商品的价值与均衡价格混为一谈,并局限于只是从呈现于市场表面的供求关系和竞争现象来说明均衡价格和价值,因而,既不可能揭示隐藏在均衡价格背后的价值本质,也不可能真正地理解均衡价格。实际上,根据等价交换和劳动价值论两个基本假定容易推导均衡价格与价值之间的数量关系,即所谓的价格—价值方程;在该方程的基础上可以进一步地说明,尽管从表面上看,均衡价格的决定、实现和变化都要受到供求关系和竞争的影响,但最终却是由商品以及货币的价值亦即社会必要劳动时间所决定的。

Modern western mainstream economics confuses value with equilibrium price of commodity,and explains equilibrium price and value only by the relation between supply and demand and phenomenon of competitionappearing on the surface of market. It is therefore impossible for western economics to reveal the nature of value hidden behind equilibrium price and really understand equilibrium price itself. In fact,it is easy to derive the quantity relation between equilibrium price and value,namely the so-called price-value equation,on the bases of the two mainassumptions of exchange of equal valueand labor theoryof value. We could further demonstrate on the price- value equation that the determination,realization and changes of equilibrium priceare determined ultimatelyby values of commodity and money,or socially necessary labortime,although influenced by the relation between supply and demand and competition.