企业职工延长退休年龄影响因素实证研究——以W市为例

Empirical Study on the Influence Factors of Enterprise Employees' Prolonging the Retirement Age: Take the City of W as an Example

企业职工作为重要的社会组成元素以及政策的接受者,延迟退休政策的制定、实施毫无疑问需要广泛征求他们的意见。本研究以W市作为调查基地,在文献研究、社会调查与深度访谈三者相结合并借助SPSS分析工具充分论证的基础上得出了相关研究结论:一是W市企业职工延迟退休影响因子排序,强到弱排序依次为:健康、收入、工作满意度、周工作时长、工作性质、抚养子女负担、配偶状况、年龄、单位福利、单位性质、性别、受教育程度、公司职位、赡养老人负担、婚姻状况。二是影响因素与延迟退休的相互关系:(1)个人因素中,男性职工比女性职工更能够接受延迟退休。年龄与延迟退休成负相关的关系。已婚或未婚企业职工都不愿意接受延迟退休。不愿意延迟退休者中受教育程度与最大延迟退休年龄正相关。(2)单位因素中,企业性质为国有、集体或控股企业与外资企业比私营、民营企业的职工更愿意接受延迟退休。单位福利种类多并不能直接刺激到企业职工的延迟退休意愿,但在强制延迟退休时,享受福利种类越多与企业职工能够接受最大延迟退休年龄之间成正相关关系。公司职位与延迟退休之间没有严格的相关关系。(3)负担因素中,具有抚养子女负担和赡养老人负担与延迟退休成负相关。(4)经济因素中,低收入和高收入的个人以及家庭相对对于中层收入而言更不愿延迟退休。健康因素与延迟退休成负相关。(5)工作因中,周工作时长与工作满意度和延迟退休决策分别成负相关和正相关。体力劳动者比脑力劳动者不愿意延迟退休。最后,对W市研究延迟退休年龄有针对性的提出相关政策建议。

Enterprise employees as an important social component element and the recipient of policy, the development and implementation of policies that prolonging the retirement age need to be widely consulted by them. This study take the city of W as the base of investigation, and get the conclusions by using the method of Literature Research, Social Investigation and In-depth Interview and use the tool of SPSS, one of the conclusions is the sort of influence factors of raising the enterprise employees＇ age, the order from strong to the weak is： health, income, job satisfaction, the time that a week work, work nature, raising children, spouse status, age, unit welfare, unit nature, gender, education level, company position, support for the elderly, marriage status, the other one is the relationship between influence factors and raising the retirement age, ： （ 1 ） individual factors, male workers can accept the delay retirement more than female workers. The relationship between age and delayed retirement is opposite. Married or unmarried employees are not willing to accept the delay retirement. The degree of education in the non willing to delay retirement is positively related to the maximum delay retirement age. （ 2 ） enterprise factors, the nature of the enterprise is a state-owned, collective or holding company with foreign in- vestment enterprises more willing to accept the delay retirement. There is no direct stimulation to the delayed retirement will of employees in the enterprise, but the more benefits for the delay retirement, the more positive correlation between the number of welfare and the maximum delay re- tirement age. There is no strict correlation between the position of the company and the delay re- tirement. （3） burden factors, the burden of raising children and supporting the elderly is negatively related to the delay retirement. （ 4 ） economic factors, low income and high income individuals and families are more reluctant to delay retirement. Health factors were negatively related to delayed retirement. （ 5 ） job factors, the week working hours and job satisfaction and delayed retirement decisions are negatively correlated and positively related. Manual workers do not want to delay retirement. Finally, based on the research conclusions of the article, the author puts forto the delayed retirement age of W city.