司法独立性与政治性关系的历史省察

A Historical Examination of the Relationship between Judicial Independence and Politics

民主法治国家的司法运行,人们普遍期待法院和法官在案件审理和裁判中保持超然于政治的立场。但是,由于司法权本身就是政治性分权的产物,又是在政治权力斗争中历史的、在不同政体下发展出来的,不同国家司法活动中的具体操作就鲜有完全不受政治立场或者偏好影响的司法。司法权与国家其他权能的博弈是权力分立制约的本性。司法的独立性与政治性之间的关系格局,在我国全面推进法治国家建设的历史进程中出现了一种新形态。

For judicial operation in a law-based democratic state,people commonly expect that the court of law and judge maintain a super-political position in trying cases and making judgments. However,since judicial power was derived from political division of power and developed historically and from different forms of government,few actual judicial operations of different countries remain free from effects of political positions or prejudices. Therefore,the rivalry between judicial power and other types of power is the essence of division and restriction. For the pattern of relationship between judicial independence and politics,a novel category is rising in the historical process of wholesomely promoting the construction of a law-based administrated state.