康有为“两考”与经学的终结

Kang Youwei's “Two Investigations”and Termination of Studies of Confucian Classics

康有为的"两考"与廖平的"两篇"虽然存在诸多差异,但都具有经学终结的历史意义。如果说廖平的经学是从经学理论方面表现了经学的终结,那么,康有为的"两考"则是从政治方面表现了经学的终结。在康有为的"两考"中经学不仅只是所利用的理论形式,而且西汉以后的经学遭到全面的批判,经学成为康有为批判君主专制与宣扬近代资本主义制度的理论武器,但康有为利用经学实现的政治目的企图却以百日维新的失败而告终,无情地说明经学绝不可能成为解决近代政治问题的理论武器。

Although different in many ways,both Kang Youwei＇s ＂two investigations＂and Liao Ping＇s＂two reviews＂were of historical termination of Confucian classics. Just as Liao＇s studies of classics indicated the termination of classics in terms of classical theory,so Kang＇s ＂two investigations＂presented it politically.Confucian classics were utilized as a theoretical frame by Kang in his ＂two investigations＂and,because they had received wholesome criticism since the West Han Dynasty,also as a theoretical weapon to criticize feudal despotism and advocate modern capitalism. Ironically,however,his attempt to realize his political purpose by means of studies of classics ended in failure following the failure of the Hundred Days of Reform,which showed that Confucian classics could not serve as a theoretical weapon to solve modern political problems.