磁性纳米颗粒在癌症诊疗一体化中的应用进展

Application development of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer diagnose and therapy

癌症是21世纪威胁人类健康的三大杀手之一，目前比较有前景的研究方向是关于癌症的早期诊断和高效低毒的治疗方案，纳米技术的兴起给此方面研究带来了新的希望。其中，磁性纳米颗粒由于可以在固定磁场中定位，且具有可在交变磁场振动发热的特性，因此在诊疗一体化方面有显著的效果。随着对磁性纳米颗粒的深入研究，磁性纳米颗粒也必然在癌症治疗方面展现出独特能力。综述了单金属、双金属以及合金纳米颗粒在癌症诊疗一体化中的主要应用及进展，并对磁性纳米技术的应用前景进行了展望。磁性纳米颗粒目前已经得到了较为广泛的应用，而且无论是理论研究还是应用研究都发展得很快，但在磁性纳米颗粒被确认为低毒有效、诊疗俱备之前，磁性纳米颗粒对细胞、组织与器官的毒性、商用及医用标准化等问题还有待继续深入研究。

Cancer is one of the three major killers that threatened human health in the twenty-first century, making the early diagnose and high-efficiency therapy crucial. The recent-developed nanotechnology brings new hope for this. Among different nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles show positive effects in diagnosis and therapies since they can be located with certain magnetic fields and can vibrate and heat up in the alternating magnetic field. With the ever increasing attention paid to the study, magnetic nanoparticles will play a key role in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review gives a comprehensive discussion on development of the research and applications of magnetic nanoparticles, including single metallic, double metallic and alloyed magnetic nanoparticles. Moreover, it also prospects the future developing orientations of magnetic nanotechnology. Magnetic nanoparticles are widely used these days, with a speedy research development both in theory and application. However, the investigations into the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles and the medical and commercial standards have to continue before magnetic nanoparticles are determined as valid and with low toxicity.