基于四属性的现代农产品加工模式构建及评价

Construction and evaluation of modern agricultural processing mode based on four attributes

中国农产品加工业整体经营过程控制粗放,主要靠生产要素的投入,还停留在以能源、原料的高消耗为代价取得的粗放式、速度型增长,所造成的直接和间接污染严重,通过构建科学、系统的现代农产品加工模式来指导行业发展意义重大。基于可持续发展、循环经济、产业生态学(工业生态学)、清洁生产等理论,提出农产品加工四属性,即原料价值属性、低碳加工属性、产业生态属性、产品市场属性。在此基础上,利用系统学的理论、工具和方法,获得在构建原料价值系统、低碳加工系统、产业生态系统、产品市场系统4个系统基础上耦合形成现代农产品加工模式的构建打下方法论的基础。按照科学性、简明性等原则,采用专家咨询法构建4个层次、21个指标的现代农产品加工模式实现度评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评价法对花生加工企业进行实证,结果为3.9871,与生产实际一致。该研究不仅对传统农产业加工行业转型升级具有较高借鉴价值,也为现代农业产业模式研究提供理论支撑。

With the transformation of China＇s economy to a new normality, optimizing industrial structure, improving element efficiency and cultivating consumption demand become deeply important for transformation and upgrading of China＇s industry. Agricultural products processing industry is not only a strategic pillar industry of China＇s economic and social development, but also a livelihood industry of national nutrition to ensure safety and health. However, the China＇s agricultural products processing industry is relatively extensive on the whole, and therefore, building a scientific and systematic modern agricultural products processing engineering model is of great significance to guide the development of the industry. Based on the 4 attributes, i.e. material value, low carbon processing, industrial ecology and product market, the paper used the theory, tools and methods of systematics, and established a new set of methodologies of 4 systems, including material value system, low carbon processing system, industrial ecology system and product market system. According to the principles of science, practicality and simplicity, the weights of these indices were reckoned by the comparison matrix of analytic hierarchy process built in the software of MATLAB 7.6. Partial classification criteria of evaluation index system were built by the combined method of qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation. By using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the whole staffs of 15 people, who were industry experts and scholars, government regulators, agricultural products processing enterprise technical and managerial personnel, evaluated the agricultural products processing pattern implementation degree. Liaoning Hongsan Peanut Industry Co., Ltd. in Heishan County, Liaoning Province, China, was chosen as a case study. The enterprise was founded in 2008, and this model was used for the overall design of the whole industry chain in 2013. Design key points were： 1） The peanut kernels, branches, leaves, root, shell and other leftovers and residue, the residual liquid, the by-products from the processing of peanut meal were fully used; 2） The use of solar energy photovoltaic（with the help of plant, community building roof） electricity to provide power to completely or partly replace the traditional energy implementation projects in energy balance; 3） All parts of peanut processing were alone with each other（antioxidants recycling）, and cold rolling oil, enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein peptide, and clothing, such as low carbon processing technology were utilized; 4） The integration of peanut integrated coupling cleaner production technology; 5） As health industry, the production had the guiding role of healthy and functional products. A system of comprehensive evaluation index system consisting of 4 criteria layers and 21 indices was established for modern agricultural products processing model. The empirical analysis showed that the Liaoning Hongsan Peanut Industry Co., Ltd. had the comprehensive evaluation score of 3.9871, which indicated that the model was in the above medium level, and the evaluation result was consistent with the real production. The study not only has a high reference value for the transformation and upgrading of traditional agricultural processing industry, but also provides theoretical support for the research of modern agricultural industry mode.