社区流动儿童免疫规划疫苗预防接种影响因素分析

Analysis of impact factors of the vaccination in national immunization program in community migrant children

目的了解社区流动儿童免疫规划疫苗预防接种情况及其影响因素。方法采用普查法对杭州市某社区流动儿童家庭监护人进行问卷调查,了解流动儿童、家庭基本情况、疫苗接种情况和预防接种知信行情况,计算疫苗接种率并分析疫苗接种的影响因素。结果共有524户流动儿童(712名)的家庭参与此次问卷调查,应答率为96.15%。社区流动儿童五苗覆盖率为76.97%;Hep B、BCG、OPV、DPT和MV接种率分别为89.96%、84.13%,82.44%、83.15%和82.58%;OPV加强接种率、DPT加强接种率和MV复种接种率分别为89.61%、90.73%和90.17%。Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度高、家庭人均年收入高、居住时间长、付费意愿强和持有预防接种证是增加流动儿童基础疫苗接种的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论社区流动儿童免疫规划疫苗预防接种率较低,应加强流动儿童的免疫规划管理工作和宣传力度,提高流动儿童家长免疫规划知信行水平。

Objective To understand the situation of the vaccination in national immunization program in community migrant children and to study its impact factors. Methods A questionnaires survey was conducted to collect the migrant children, family basic situation, vaccination situation, knowledge, attitude and practice（KAP） situation using general survey method to calculate vaccination coverage and analyze its impact factors. Results A total of 524 families of migrant children participated in this survey, the response rate was 96.15%（524/545）. The coverage rate was 76.97% in 712 community migrant children; Hep B,BCG,OPV,DPT and MV vaccination rates were 89.96%,84.13%,82.44%,83.15% and 82.58% respectively;The rates of OPV booster vaccination, DPT booster vaccination and MV revaccination vaccination were 89.61%,90.73% and 90.17% respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of education, high per capita in-come, a long time residence, a strong willingness to pay and holding vaccination certificate were the factors to increase the basic vaccination in migrant children（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The vaccination rate of community migrant children is low,should strengthen the immunization programs management of migrant children, advocacy efforts to improve the parents of migrant children with immunization programs KAP level.