“治理”与“治道”:以严复“群治”思想为视角

“Governance”and “Governed Way”: The “Control of the Masses”of Yan Fu's Thoughts as Perspectives

"群治"不仅是传统治国理念中的重要议题,亦是严复毕生学行旨趣。严复有关"群治"的讨论,实则既已触及国家、政府以及社会治理三大范畴,他所重点关注的是,在保障个体自由的前提下,通过确立国家、政府以及社会之间的权界关系,以增进社会福祉。严复"群治"思想的基础则是法治,法治不仅是促成传统"治道"实现现代转型的关键,亦是"治道"的现代形态。"治道"的理想是"治理"的终极价值,"法治"则是"治理"的实践表现。法治的实质则是自由。法治旨在实现治理与自由的平衡,而治理的根本目的在于帮助社会孕育公共精神,以及促进社会整合。

The ＂control of the masses＂is not only an important issue in the traditional governing philosophy,but also Yan Fu＇s lifelong academic interest. This article considers that Yan Fu＇s discussion about the ＂control of the masses＂ has already touched the State Governance,Government Administration and Social Governance. His focus is to promote the social well-being under the premise of the protection of individual liberty through the establishment of the boundaries of power sectors among the state,the government and the society.The ＂ control of the masses＂ of Yan Fu＇s thought is based on the rule of law,which is the key to assisting the modern transformation of the traditional governed way. The ideal of the governed way is the ultimate value principle of the Governance,while the rule of law is the practice of the Governance. The essence of the rule of law is liberty,and the aim of the rule of law is to realize the balance between the Governance and Liberty. The fundamental goal of governance is to help the society to develop the public spirit spontaneously and to promote social integration.