云南地区水稻低温冷害指标研究

Study on rice chilling injury index in Yunnan province

利用2013年4—10月云南省昆明市东川地区4个不同海拔高度试验点水稻盆栽和跨海拔搬运试验资料,分析了海拔高度变化对水稻生长和产量的影响及光合作用特征,确定粳稻和籼稻生长最大差异的临界海拔高度,结合同步气象观测数据确定云南地区粳稻和籼稻拔节期、开花结实期及乳熟期的低温冷害指标.结果表明:由海拔高度变化造成温度的变化对云南地区粳稻和籼稻生长指标及光合作用特征均具有较大影响,粳稻受影响更显著;籼稻生长最大差异临界海拔高度为1500—1800 m,粳稻生长最大差异临界海拔高度为1800—2100 m;在云南地区水稻拔节期,籼稻低温冷害成灾指标为19.6℃,粳稻低温冷害成灾指标为17.2℃;在水稻开花结实期,籼稻低温冷害成灾指标为20.5℃,粳稻低温冷害成灾指标为18.1℃;在水稻乳熟期,籼稻低温冷害成灾指标为19.1℃,粳稻低温冷害成灾指标为16.7℃.

Impacts of altitude changes on growth and yield of rice as well as photosynthesis characteristics were analyzed based on rice potted and carrying experiment at 4 sites of different altitudes from April to October of 2013 in Dongchuan region in Yunnan province. The critical altitudes which make the maximum differences of rice growth for japonica rice and indica rice were ascertained. The chilling injury indexes of rice at elongation,blooming and fructicative and milk-ripe stages were determined combining synchronous meteorological observation data.The results showthat temperature change with increasing altitude influences greatly growth indexes of indica rice and japonica rice and their photosynthesis,especially for japonica rice. The critical altitude of the maximum difference for indica rice growth is from 1500 m to 1800 m, while that for japonica rice growth is from 1800 m to2100 m. At the jointing stage,the lowtemperature and chilling injury indexes for indica rice and japonica rice are defined as 19. 6 ℃ and 17. 2 ℃; both are 20. 5 ℃ and 18. 1 ℃ at the blooming and fructicative stage; they are19. 1 ℃ and 16. 7 ℃ at the milky stage,respectively.