开尔文的热力学研究及其影响

Kelvin′s Thermodynamics Research and Its Influence

热力学是现代物理学的重要组成部分之一,热力学理论在19世纪快速发展并臻于成熟,是一场伴随着各种思想碰撞的大会师。开尔文是那个时代最有影响力的物理学家,在当时欧洲蒸汽机大发展的环境中,他最初研究卡诺热学理论,随后深受焦耳的实验研究影响,最终提出热力学温标并提出了自己对热力学第二定律的表述,和焦耳、克劳休斯和其他人一道成功地将新热力学置于19世纪物理学的核心之中。那个时代的热力学发展历程充满悖论、困惑,一代大师们最终建立了新的物理世界,开尔文是其中不可少的一位。

Thermodynamics is a very important part of modern physics,the research of Heat appeared in the end of the 18 th century,developed quickly and was established in the 19 th century.Kelvin was the most influential scientist in the Victoria era,when the heat engine was explosively developing in the Europe.Kelvin＇s research of heat began on Carnot＇s theory and influenced by the precise heat measurement of Joule,while the theory and experiment were no so compatible and not well accepted,Kelvin finally found a way out with Kelvin scale and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.Kelvin,together with Joule,Clausius and so on,contributed greatly to the establishment of the modern thermodynamics.