蒸煮酶解羽毛粉的营养价值及其在肉鸭上的能量和氨基酸利用率评定

Nutritional Values of Steamed and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Feather Meal and Availability of Energy and Amino Acid in Meat Ducks

本试验旨在研究采用真代谢能（TME）法评定3种蒸煮酶解羽毛粉对于肉鸭的能量和氨基酸营养价值,为合理开发和利用羽毛粉蛋白质资源提供基础数据。3种羽毛粉（Ⅰ-Ⅲ）分别为42日龄樱桃谷肉鸭羽毛粉、550日龄罗曼蛋鸡羽毛粉和100日龄三黄肉鸡羽毛粉。试验选取20只7周龄樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1只肉鸭,单笼饲养。处理1（T1）为测定羽毛粉Ⅰ,处理2（T2）为测定羽毛粉Ⅱ,处理3（T3）为测定羽毛粉Ⅲ,处理4（T4）为饥饿处理。试验期为7 d。结果表明：1）以干物质（DM）为基础,羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的总能（GE）分别为21.31、21.02和20.18 MJ/kg,表观代谢能（AME）分别为13.71、12.29和12.10 kJ/kg,TM E分别为14.83、13.42和13.22 M J/kg。2）以DM为基础,羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的粗蛋白质（CP）含量分别为91.05%、87.31%和91.06%;羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的总氨基酸（TAA）含量都在80%以上,但不同羽毛粉的氨基酸含量差异较大。3）羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的TAA表观可代谢率分别为81.51%、73.07%和76.85%,TAA真可代谢率分别为85.09%、76.89%和80.43%。3种羽毛粉的表观可利用氨基酸和真可利用氨基酸含量也存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。由此可见,利用TM E法测定毛粉能量与氨基酸的营养价值,发现3种羽毛粉的代谢能（M E）、表观可利用氨基酸和真可利用氨基酸存在明显差异。羽毛粉Ⅰ的GE、ME、CP及TAA代谢率均高于羽毛粉Ⅱ和羽毛粉Ⅲ。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate metabolic rate of energy and the nutritive value of amino acids of the three kinds of steamed and enzymatic hydrolysis feather meal by true metabolizable energy（TM E）method,and to offer the theoretical foundation for application of feather meal.Three kinds of feather meal from 42-day-old duck feather meal（feather meal Ⅰ）,550-day-old Lohmann layer feather meal（feather mealⅡ） and 100-day-old yellow-feathered broiler feather meal（feather meal Ⅲ） were evaluated in this study.Twenty 42-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates per treatment and 1 duck per replicate.One treatment was fasted treatment and other 3 treatments were fed with feather mealⅠ,feather meal Ⅱ and feather meal Ⅲ,respectively.The experiment lasted for 7 days.The results showed as follows：1） basis on the dry matter,the gross energy of feather meals Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 21.31,21.02 and20.18 M J/kg,respectively;the apparent metabolizable energy were 13.71,12.29 and 12.10 kJ/kg,respectively;the true metabolizable energy were 14.83,13.42 and 13.22 M J/kg,respectively.2） The contents of crude protein basis on dry matter of the three kinds of feather meal were 91.05%,87.31% and 91.06%,respectively.The total amino acid contents of three kinds of feather meal were all above 80%,significant differences were found in the contents of amino acid of three kinds feather meal.3） The apparent metabolic rate of total amino acid of feather meals Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 81.51%,73.07% and 76.85%,respectively;the true metabolic rate of total amino acid were 85.09%,76.89% and 80.43%,respectively.Significant differences were also found in the contents of apparent and true available amino acids of the three kinds of feather meal（P0.05）.It is concluded that evaluate the energy and the nutritive value of amino acid of the three kinds of feather meal by TM E method find that there are significant differences of the metabolic energy,apparent and true available amino acids among three kinds of feather meal.The gross energy,metabolizable energy,crud protein and the metabolic rate of total amino acids of feather meals Ⅰ are higher than that of feather meal Ⅱand Ⅲ.