金属和非金属矿山土地退化因素调查

Driving Factors of Land Degradation in Metal and Non-Metal Mining Areas

自2014年国家科技基础性工作专项"西部重点矿区土地退化因素调查"启动以来,课题组根据制定的调查技术方案和分类体系,完成了内蒙古、陕西和甘肃等省(自治区)11个典型矿山的调查任务,对比分析了金属和非金属矿区土壤重金属污染、土地毁损和土地利用变化的差异性。结果表明,金属矿区土壤重金属污染程度总体上大于非金属矿区,矿山开采方式对土地毁损的影响较大,露天开采、露天/地下开采的土地毁损总体上大于地下开采。

Since the starting of the State Major Basic Sci-tech Research Program in 2014, in line with the technical pro-gram and the classification system developed for the investigation, eleven representative mining areas in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Gansu have been investigated, and comparative analysis done of the metal and non-metal mining areas for differences in soil heavy metal pollution, land destruction and land use alteration. Results show that the metal mining areas are generally higher than the non-metal mining areas in soil heavy metal pollution, and mine excavation methods are an im-portant factor of land destruction. Open-cast mining or open-cast/underground mining, on the whole, damages more land than underground mining does.