秦汉郊祀演变史初探

The History of the Evolution of the Qin and Han Dynasties Outskirts Sacrifice

郊祀自西周开始成为历代统治阶级祭天礼中的"正祭",然自周室式微,诸侯僭越天子郊礼,出现了"礼乐崩坏"现象。至秦始皇一统天下,建立了不同于周代的郊祀,即以畤为郊祀的制度。而后,汉承秦制建立雍五畤,汉武帝时期建立了汉家法式的甘泉太一与汾阴后土郊祀制度。但随着儒生进入统治阶层,开始以儒家经典审视原有的郊祀制度,而后要求改革。匡衡于成帝时期建立南北郊祀制度,其后经历了三起两落,最终王莽在平帝时期确立了南北郊祀制度,成为后来历代王朝郊祀制度的蓝本。

From the Western Zhou dynasty outskirts sacrifice began to be ceremonies＂sacrifice＂for ruling class. After Qin shihuang unified China,he established different sacrifice from Zhou Dai＇s Jiaosi. Then,Han dynasty inherited sacrifices system of Qin dynasty and established Yong Wuzhi,Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty established the Chinese French Kazumi Tachi and Fen Yin Houtu Jiaosi system. But after the scholars entered the ruling class,they began to examine the original Jiaosi system,and called for reform. Kuang Heng established southern and northern Jiaosi during the period of Cheng emperor system,Eventually Wang Mang in the period of ping emperor established the northern and southern outskirts sacrifice system,which became the blueprint for the later dynasties to outskirts sacrifice system.