未成年人侵权行为之过错要件研究

The Research of Fault of Tort of Minors in Our Country

未成年人侵权行为中的过错和成年人相同,包括故意和过失,然而鉴于未成年人心智发育的特殊性,其过错标准是否应当和成年人一样?未成年人侵权行为中的"故意"往往被认定为责任加重标准;未成年人侵权行为中的"过失",相对于成年人的"理性人"原则,有英美法系和德国民法的"较低标准"和法国民法的"较高标准"。我国民法对此没有明确规定,司法实践中"过错"已经成为法官判决的依据;借鉴法国民法未成年人的客观过错标准,辅之以衡平责任是我国相关立法的合理选择。

The fault in minor tort as same as adults,including the intent and negligence,in view of the particularity of minors,its fault standard shall be as adults？ The＂intent＂of minors tort tend to be increased responsibilities; The＂negligence＂of minors relative to the adults ＂rational man＂principle,there are two ways： the Anglo- American law＇s low standard the German civil law and French civil code＇s high standards. There is no specific provision in our civil law. In provision,the fault has been the basis in the judicial of judges; Taking French civil code the objective fault standard of minors,and supplemented by balance liability is the reasonable choice of our country＇s legislation.