非欧盟国家建设Galileo和EGNOS地面站的法律问题研究

Legal Problems Arising from the Installation of the Galileo and EGNOS Ground Stations in Non-EU Countries

欧盟全球卫星导航系统的全面有效运营有赖于其在全球各地建立的地面监测站对卫星导航信号的持续监测,并通过公共网络将数据传送到Galileo控制中心处理。然而,某些地面监测站将在非欧盟国家建设和运行,欧盟迫切需要保障这些地面监测站的频率使用权,使其信号免受非法无线电干扰、攻击和窃听,并为其工作人员、通信和文档等寻求外交特权。为此,需要分析1945年《联合国特权和豁免公约》、2004年《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》和1961年《维也纳外交关系公约》和国际习惯法,探讨欧盟的法人地位和地面监测站活动的本质属性,进而寻求欧盟在此方面的司法豁免或执行豁免。

For their full operational capability,the European Union（ EU） Global Navigation Satellite Systems,Galileo and EGNOS,have to rely upon Ground Sensor Stations（ GSS） for the monitoring of navigation signals received from satellites and for the transmission of data to Galileo Control Centres through public networks. Some of the GSS will be installed in non-EU countries. Naturally,for these stations,the EU would like to maintain,inter alia,the inviolability of the premises： facilities free from all types of radio interference,hacking and eavesdropping attempts; the right to use codes; the privileges accorded to diplomatic personnel,communications and documents. The legal analysis of this problem has been based on the applicability of the 1945 United Nations（ UN） General Convention on the Privileges and Immunities,the 2004 UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations,as well as on international customary law. Consideration has been given to the legal personality of the EU,to the nature of the activities performed by GSS in order to assess EU immunity from jurisdiction or immunity from execution.