城市餐饮食物浪费的磷足迹及其环境排放——以北京市为例

The Phosphorus Footprint and Its Environmental Analysis for Restaurant Food Waste:Taking Beijing as an Example

除了威胁食物安全,食物浪费不仅造成了资源的巨大浪费,还给环境带来了沉重的压力。食物中的磷元素是人类所必需的基本元素,其代谢过程也是生态系统循环重要的组成部分。磷肥一方面能够增加粮食产量,另一方面也会造成土壤磷积累和水体富营养化。论文根据对北京市136家餐饮机构,2 704桌消费者餐饮食物浪费调查数据,研究了北京市餐饮食物浪费的磷足迹及其环境排放。研究表明:北京市餐饮食物浪费量为39.97×104t/a,其含磷量为1.21×103t/a;北京餐饮食物浪费的磷足迹为40.56 g P/kg,这意味着每浪费1 kg的食物,将向环境排放40.56 g磷。因此,合理地进行餐饮消费,减少餐饮食物浪费,对于保证食物安全和环境保护都具有重要的作用。

With the economic and society development,Chinese food demand has been increasing,while food waste also presents the same trend.However,food waste can not only influence national food security,but also bring in more serious problems,such as natural resource depletion,ecological degradation and environment pollution.Being the fundamental elements in human bodies,phosphorus（P） is a vital part of ecological nutrient cycle as well as urban metabolism.Besides,P can increase crop productions on one hand,and it causes P accumulation in soil and eutrophication of water body on the other.Thus,it is of high importance to research the P footprint on the restaurant food waste chain as well as their environmental pollution.We took the restaurant food waste in Beijing as an example to study the P footprint,and found out that： the amount of restaurant food waste in Beijing could reach39.97×104t/a,in which the content of P was 1.21×103t/a; the P footprint of restaurant food in Beijingwas 40.56 g P/kg,i.e.when the food contains 1 kg of P was wasted,it would discharge13.44 kg P into the environment; the total restaurant food waste in Beijing could reach 1.25×104t/a and lead to 0.27×104t/a of P discharged into the environment; for the whole restaurant food waste chain,the P flowing from food production（including crop products and livestock products） to the environment ranked the first.Therefore,consuming restaurant rationally and reducing food waste play important roles in food security and environment conservation.