《左传》《国语》被刘歆窜乱的一项铁证——历史年代学家刘坦之说申论

A Hard Evidence for LIU Xin's Tampering in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu:A discussion supporting LIU Tan

《左传》是否被刘歆伪造或窜乱,争议极大,涉及《国语》一书。运用历史年代学家刘坦对星岁纪年的研究成果,分析《左传》《国语》内出现的岁星纪事,可以找到刘歆窜乱二书的铁证。刘歆《三统历》制定了十二星次的新名称体系,是此前各种书籍文献所无,《史记·天官书》仍采用先秦石氏"星经"的名称,即为明证。而新的"星纪"、"大梁"等十二次名目,其思路和来源,只有刘歆才可能设定,他出于构建新学术体系之目的,加之政治投机需要,遂采取书籍文献上作伪、掺假的行为,结果身败名裂,这是学术史上的一大教训。

There have constant debates about whether Zuo Zhuan（i.e.Legend of Spring and Autumn Century by Zuo Qiuming;左传）was tampered by LIU Xin（刘歆）;in fact,this is related to Guo Yu（Histories of the States;国语）.By sticking to the principles on ephemeris years by LIU Tan（刘 坦）,a folk chronologist,to analyze the Jupiter＇s records in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu,I found a hard evidence to prove that Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu were indeed tampered.That is,a system of twelve star order appeared in Santong Calendar（三统历）~1 written by LIU Xin,which,however,had not appeared in previous literatures.In other words,it can be proved that Tian Guan Shu（TheBook on Star Positions）in Shi Ji（Historical Records;史记）still used the names fromShi Shi Xing Jing（The Book of Stars;星经）.The idea and origin about the new names of the twelve star order such as＂Xing Ji＂（星纪）and＂Da Liang＂（大梁）can only be found in the writing of LIU Xin,who might have probably built a new academic system for political purposes and hence tampered previous literatures.He eventually lost all his standing and reputation,a severe lesson in academic history.