王安石政治哲学发微

WANG An-shi's Political Philosophy

王安石融合儒道,将道家的理论思维引入儒家的政治实践,建构起天道性命与礼乐刑政相贯通的政治哲学,为儒家政治宪纲作出理论论证。王安石肯定杨朱"为己"的合理性,表现出对个体物质利益、生命权利的关注。同时又区分了"生"与"性",力求做到"为己"与"为人"的统一。如果说程朱还只是中世纪的思想家的话,那么,王安石的一只脚已经迈向了近代。王安石的政治哲学也存在内在的矛盾,其天道本体带有浓厚的道家色彩,主要是为儒家的礼乐刑政提供了形上依据,而没有或无法为儒家的仁学奠定理论根基。他虽然重视个人的感性生命和物质利益,但认为一般的百姓只知"生",不知"性",没有赋予个体应有的自由和权利,王安石的另一只脚还停留在古代。

WANG An-shi,by combining the essential ideas of Confucianism and Taoism,that is,building the Taoist theoretical thinking into the Confucian political practice,set up apolitical philosophy that unites the former＇s natural or celestial law with the latter＇s mundane view of human nature cultivation and administrative/social norms observation.That provided a theoretical support to the latter＇s political creed.WANG was positive of YANG Zhu＇s world view of＂being for oneself＂,which pays attention to individual material profit and life right.At the same time,he made a distinction between ＂sheng＂（life;individual nature;生）and＂xing＂（nature;shared characteristic;性）and aimed to integrate the advocating of＂being for oneself＂and＂being for others＂.If the Confucianists CHEN Hao,CHEN Yi and ZHU Xi in South Song can be said to be medieval thinkers,then WANG had made one step forward into the early modern epoch.However,he has some conflicts and drawbacks in his argumentation.