实用主义哲学与皮尔士经典符号学说的确立

Pragmatism and Charles S.Peirce's Semiotic Revolution

对符号与实在关系的思考和讨论,几乎贯穿整个西方哲学史,更是任何符号思想和符号学说的源头问题。符号的危机,就是符号与实在关系的危机。符号反映论和符号建构论都不过是通过对实在的一种抽象截取而形成的理论偏向,而实在从自然状态向建构结果的位移,以及从建构结果向传统继承的复原,都蕴含并最终通过符号来呈现多种形态的危机。肇始于皮尔士的古典实用主义哲学及其向符号学说的延伸,诞生于符号与实在关系的这种危机,但实现了符号反映论和符号建构论的综合,将符号科学提升到一个新的阶段。

Reflection and debate on the relation of sign to reality always linger over all through the history of western philosophy,and was generally posited as a predominant issue for any thought or doctrine about signs as well.Crisis in sign may be taken as a crisis in the relation of sign and reality.Emphasis of sign＇s major function,either as a representation,or as construction,is no more than a theoretical predilection stemming from a biased attitude toward reality.Any transference of reality from a natural stance to a constructive one,and any recovery of reality from certain constructive outcome to the inheriting of traditions,will imply a crisis in sign if they have to be realized with signs.Classic pragmatism Peirce had advocated in his philosophy with an expansion to sign doctrine,which indeed arises from such a kind of sign crisis.However,Peirce had attained a new integration in sign as representation and in that as construction,and has thereby pushed semiotics forward to new phase.