转型时期我国竞技运动员人力资本产权界定与权能分割的研究

Property Rights Delimitation and Capacity Division of Athlete's Human Capital in Transitional China

当前,我国竞技体育的发展正在向高度的职业化、市场化、商业化和产业化方向迈进,这使得竞技运动员人力资本以及其非实物性劳动成果的经济价值和商业潜能得到了重视与开发,从而引发了各投资主体间对人力资本产权的争夺和占有,并导致了投资主体的多元化发展,以及各个主体间因利益分配不均和产权权益归属等矛盾问题的突显。而这些矛盾问题的显现在很大程度上已经制约了我国竞技体育事业的发展。以我国竞技运动员人力资本的产权界定、产权制度与权能分割为主要研究对象,主要采用文献资料法,借助人力资本和产权理论,对运动员产权本质属性进行分析规制,认为:当前我国竞技运动员人力资本产权界定与归属的不明确以及产权制度建设的滞后,才引发了各类投资主体间对于劳动产品产权的争夺和经济利益的占有,进而产生了诸多争议和矛盾问题;结合我国竞技体育事业发展的目标与根本需要,界定出投资主体间的产权归属与权能划分,认为国家与个人之间其实不存在本质利益上的矛盾和冲突,以消解各投资主体间因产权界定不清所引发的矛盾和争议。为转型时期我国竞技运动员人力资本产权的界定提出了合理化建议,为我国竞技运动员人力资本产权制度的建设提供了科学的理论帮助,保障了我国竞技体育事业的可持续发展。

With the development of competitive sports marching to a higher degree of professionalization,marketization,commercialization and industrialization,athlete＇s human capital and economic value and commercial potential of their non-physical labor fruit were emphasized and developed in current China. These changes caused abatement and seize of human capital property right among investment subjects and led its development in pluralism,and more and more conflictions were due to uneven distribution of benefits and property rights attribution among them. These conflictions have blocked China competitive sports development in a large part. Taking delimitation and system of property rights and capacity division as subject,this study used theory of human capital and property rights to analyze essential attribute of athlete＇s property rights by the method of literature review. The results showed that unclear delimitation and attribute of China athlete＇s human capital and lag of property rights system construction initiated abatement of labor product and seize of economic interest among investors and caused many disputes and conflicts. Based on the goal and need of China competitive sports development,this paper delimitated property rights attribution and capacity division among investment subjects. We believe that there is no essential interest conflict between government and individuals which will solve the disputes because of unclear property rights delimitation. This paper provided some reasonable suggestions to delimitate property rights of human capital in transitional China and also provided some theoretical support for property rights system construction. We hope these will help China competitive sport has a sustainable development.