职业生活中的个体化--以瑞典年轻人的工作和自反模式为例

Individualisation in working life: Work and reflexive patterns among young adults in Sweden

全球化和技术变革不仅提高了生产力,而且加剧了全球竞争。随之,这些提高导致了组织合理性的提升、责任的个体化,以及更灵活、更多变的劳动力市场条件。这些变化也导致了对劳动力自主工作、自我管理提出越来越高的要求。尽管个体化导致个体的社会空间的扩大,但也增加了复杂决策、考虑和责任领域的数量。特别是,这种变化在个人就业能力的责任方面十分明显。自我管理和自我实现变得十分必要。根据对若干有留下传纪取向的瑞典年轻人的访谈,本文讨论了这些变化的意义。文章认为,责任的个体化和自我实现的需求,对社会中的不同群体产生了不同后果。因此,有很强有力的理由对以下观念坚决提出质疑:阶级作为现代社会的分析工具,其作用已经耗尽。访谈显示,为了理解职业生活中的个体化的后果,需要对阶级加以考察。

Globalisation and technological change have increased not only productivity but also global competition. In turn, these increases have led to an upgrading of rationality in organisations,the individualisation of responsibility, and more flexible and precarious labour market conditions. These changes have also led to increasingly high demands on the workforce to work autonomously and to be self-governing.Although individualisation has led to an expansion of social space for the individual, it has also increased the number of complex decisions, considerations, and areas of responsibility. In particular, such changes are evident in relation to individuals' responsibility for their employability. Self-governance and self-realisation have become imperative. In light of a number of biographically oriented interviews of young adults in Sweden, the article discusses the implications of these changes. It argues that the individualisation of responsibility and the demand for self-realisation generate different consequences for different groups in society. Therefore, there is a strong reason to intensely challenge the notion that class has played out its role as ananalytical tool in modern society. Interviews show that class still needs to be considered to understand the consequences of individualization in working life.