冷战后美国亚太安全护持战略行为模式——以南海外交为例

An Analysis of US Strategic Behavior Model of Security Maintenance since the Cold War:a Case Study of the South China Sea Diplomacy

冷战后美国的战略行为模式并非完全承袭基于国际系统结构基本分析框架的霸权护持模式。美国亚太安全护持战略行为模式是基于国际系统进程基本分析框架的导出概念。厘清对安全护持的认识需要解构这一概念,找出蕴涵于其中的基本战略行为,而基本战略行为的判定须通过"基于维度"的考察。施韦勒和米尔斯海默意义上的制衡可以作为这种基本战略行为的分析基底,但制衡的概念必须重塑才能符合基本战略行为的要求,重塑制衡的方式主要是打破其指涉对象的单一维度而进行多维重构。随着冷战后亚太安全环境的变迁,美国的安全护持战略行为模式也存在转型的必要,而制衡行为的转型又是安全护持模式转型的核心。冷战后美国对南海相关声索国的外交行动验证了安全护持模式及其转型的有效性。

The US strategic behavior model since the Cold War follows a hegemonic maintenance beyond the basic analytic framework of international system structure.The US strategic behavior model of security maintenance is a concept induced from the basic analytic framework of international system process.In order to deconstruct that concept to clarify its basic strategic behavior for better understanding,the approach of dimension-based judgment is of great relevance.The strategic behavior of balancing,as defined by Schweller and Mearsheimer,can serve as an analytic foundation,but this balancing model needs to be reconstructed to satisfy the requirement of basic strategic behavior.The best way to reconstruct that concept is to replace its one dimension with multi-dimensions in regard to actors.With changes in the AsiaPacific security environment since the Cold War,the US strategic behavior model of security maintenance needs modification,and the core of which is the transition of balancing behaviors.The US diplomacy in dealing with South China Sea claimants since the Cold War has confirmed the effectiveness of security maintenance and its transitions.