公私划分的理论旅行：中国同性婚姻再思考

Traveling the Public/Private Distinction Theory:Revisiting the Same Sex Marriage in China

中国社会渐渐浮出水面的同性恋正统主义将同性恋者对亲密关系的追求带入了一个悖论状态:一方面,非婚性行为是主流价值观所排斥的;另一方面,同性婚姻对中国的同性恋者来说又不是一个可能的选项。本文以对中国同性婚姻的分析为基础批判性地检视公私划分理论。首先引入差序格局的概念以强调中国社会中公私边界的伸缩性与相对性,来批判性地分析同性婚姻讨论中关于国家的角色以及对家庭的想象。随后,借鉴巴特勒、涂安娜等女性主义学者的观点,将"个人的即是政治的"口号中被坐落在具体社会关系中的个体置换成更一般意义上的个体,从知识论的角度分析隐藏在普通民众对同性婚姻的态度背后的知识/无知的后果。这是一场公私划分穿梭于不同世界之间的理论旅行:从西方到中国,从特定的(性别化的)权力关系到更一般意义上的中国社会。在不同的"世界"中理论找到了拥有着不同的"特质"的不同的"自我",也正是这些不同的、甚至可能是相互矛盾的"自我"为我们阅读、使用、修正、发展社会理论打开了新的可能。

A paradox of Chinese homosexuals＇ pursue for intimacies arises from the emerging homo- normativity in contemporary China： on one hand, the non-marital sexual behaviors have been rejected by the mainstream social norms; on the other, same sex marriage is not an available option for them. Based on the analysis of Chinese same sex marriage, this paper critically explores the public/private distinction theory. Firstly, chaxu geju as a conceptual framework has been introduced to highlight the scalability and relativity of the boundary between the public and the private in Chinese society, in order to critically ana- lyze the role of state and the myths of the family in the discussions of same sex marriage. Subsequently, based on the arguments of the feminist scholars such as Judith Butler, Nancy Tuana, etc., the ＂person＂ sit- uated in specific power relations in the slogan ＂personal is political＂ has been replaced by a more general ＂person＂, following which the epistemological analysis of the consequences of knowledge/ignorance behind the attitudes of ordinary people towards same sex marriage has been made. This is a travel of the public/ private distinction theory across different worlds： from the western to China, from the specific gendered power relations to the more general Chinese society. There are different ＂selves＂ with different ＂attri- butes＂ of the theory in different ＂worlds＂, based on which the new possibilities of reading, using, revising, and developing theory have been opened up.