阿尔茨海默病微血管改变及其机制

Microvascular changes and the mechanism in Alzheimer's disease

阿尔茨海默病发病机制至今尚未完全明确,但局部微血管改变发生于神经退行性变和认知功能障碍之前,且局部脑血流量降低先于临床症状的现象已经大量研究证实,提示脑微血管改变可能是阿尔茨海默病进展过程中的催化剂,参与其发生与发展。本文通过对阿尔茨海默病脑微血管结构,以及血管内皮生长因子、氧化应激反应、β-淀粉样蛋白对微血管影响相关研究进展的概述,以探讨阿尔茨海默病的可能发病机制。

Till now, the pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is not completely clear.Extensive literatures have shown that the local cerebral microvascular disease occurs before neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, and local blood flow reduction happens before the clinical symptoms of AD. This reveals that the microvascular changes are probably the important pathogenic manifestation in the AD formation and involved in the occurrence and development of AD. In this review,we explore the possible pathogenic mechanism of AD by analyzing the morphological changes of microvasculature, and the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）, oxidative stress and amyloid β-protein（Aβ） on microvasculature respectively.