从南部档案看清代县志的编修与征集

On the Compilation and Collection of County Annals in the Qing Dynasty Based on Nanbu Archives

清代县志的编修、征集与纂修一统志、国史,以及整顿地方、加强治理、个别机构职责所系有着密切的关系。六十年一修志书的政策,对地方志的纂修产生的影响尤为深远。随着实践的深入,特别是清末急剧变革,在面对新问题需要解决时,清廷以征集旧志、上报舆图及调查事项等为主的行政运作模式,部分地取代了新修地方志的举措,但又为旧志的传播、新志的纂修创造了条件。清代方志编纂、征集动因很多,编纂内容、体例、方法多有可取,而社会治理的需要始终是编修与征集方志的关键。

The compilation and collection of county annals in the Qing Dynasty has close relationship with the compilation of national chronicles,national historical record,rectifying the local governance and the duties of some institutions. The policy of compiling county annals every sixty years brought great influence to the compilation of local annals. With the deepening of practice,especially with the dramatic changes during the late Qing Dynasty（ 1840-1911）,the government of the Qing Dynasty changed their mode of administration operation to solve the new problems through collecting the old county annals and local maps or making investigation,partially replacing methods of compiling the new local chronicles and creating conditions for the spread of old county annals and the compilation of new local chronicles. There were many causes of compiling and collecting local chronicles in the Qing Dynasty. The editorial content,style and methods of local chronicles in the Qing Dynasty had much to recommend them. However,the needs of social governance were always the key to compilation and collection of local chronicles in the Qing Dynasty.