高等植物DNA条形码最新研究进展及其应用

The Latest Research Progress and Application of the DNA Barcode in Higher Plants

植物DNA条形码的筛选工作主要集中于叶绿体基因上,包括位于编码区的mat K、rbc L、UPA、rpo B、rpo C1、acc D、ndh J和YCF5等以及间隔区的trn H-psb A、trn L-trn F、atp F-atp H、trn D-trn Y和psb K-psb I等,其中mat K、rbc L和trn H-psb A研究最为成熟,可作为核心条形码序列。由于每个基因进化速率不同以及植物种间杂交较为频繁等诸多原因,不同类群植物的最适条形码序列有很大差别。本文综述了DNA条形码的最新研究进展以及条形码技术在物种鉴定、分类学问题修订、新种隐种的发现、植物药材真伪鉴定、食品质量控制和安全、出入境植物检验检疫等方面的应用,提出了cp DNA条形码在应用中的不足之处以及解决措施等,并对DNA条形码未来的发展进行了展望,以期为高等植物的应用提供强有力的分子依据。

Screening of the plant DNA barcode was mainly based on the chloroplast genes,including mat K,rbc L,UPA,rpo B,rpo C1,acc D,ndh J,YCF5 located in the coding region and those in interval area,like trn H-psb A,trn L-trn F,atp F-atp H,trn D-trn Y,psb I-psb K and so on,among them,the mat K,rbc L and trn H-psb A were studied thoroughly and could be used as the core barcode sequences. The optimal barcode sequence in different plant populations had great difference,due to different evolutionary rates among genes and the frequent hybridizations among populations,and other reasons. The latest research progress of DNA barcode and the barcode technology in the species identification,taxonomy issue revision,discovery of new and covert species,herbs authenticity,food quality control and safety,entry and exit inspection and quarantine and so on was reviewed in this article,The deficiency in application of cp DNA barcode and the solutions were proposed,Also,the further development of DNA barcode were forecasted. This review will provide powerful basis of the application of the DNA barcode in higher plants.